How can light polarization be achieved?

Light polarization can be achieved through various mechanisms, including reflection, refraction, or by using a polarizing filter.

When light is reflected off a surface at a specific angle, known as Brewster's angle, the reflected light becomes polarized parallel to the surface. This means that the electric field of the light is oriented in a single direction. Similarly, when light passes through certain materials or mediums, it can refract in a way that causes the resultant light to become polarized.

Using a polarizing filter is another effective method for polarizing light. These filters are designed to only allow light waves that oscillate in a particular direction to pass through, effectively blocking other orientations of light waves. This is commonly utilized in sunglasses, cameras, and scientific equipment.

Although absorption can contribute to reducing certain orientations of light, it does not inherently lead to polarization. Polarization is about the orientation of light waves rather than just their intensity or absorption characteristics. Consequently, while some aspects of the other choices touch upon relevant concepts, choice B encompasses the most comprehensive and direct methods of achieving light polarization.