How do Newton's laws of motion relate to optics?

Newton's laws of motion are foundational principles that describe how objects behave when subjected to forces. When applying these laws to the field of optics, particularly the particle theory of light, one can understand how light behaves as particles (photons) influenced by forces.

In this context, Newton's laws suggest that if light behaves like a particle, then it will be affected by forces just as any other particle would. For instance, when light travels through different media, it experiences changes in speed due to the variations in density and refractive index, which can be described using principles of motion. This connection helps explain phenomena like refraction and the bending of light when it enters a medium with a different density, illustrating how light particles interact with forces acting on them.

The other options do not support the relationship between Newton's laws and optics effectively, as they miss the connection between the motion of light particles and the forces influencing their behavior.