What is the principle of superposition in optics?

The principle of superposition in optics states that the total displacement at any point in space is the sum of the displacements caused by individual waves. This principle is fundamental in understanding wave interactions, such as interference and diffraction. When two or more waves overlap, their amplitudes combine algebraically at each point, leading to either constructive interference (where the waves reinforce each other) or destructive interference (where they partially or completely cancel each other out). This is a key concept in wave theory, allowing us to predict how multiple light waves will interact when they meet.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe the principle of superposition. The assertion that light does not interfere with itself contradicts the very nature of wave behavior that superposition describes. The idea that light travels in straight lines refers to a distinct principle known as rectilinear propagation, and the statement regarding the maximum angle of incidence relates to Snell's Law, which governs refraction rather than the superposition of waves. Thus, option B correctly encapsulates the essence of the principle of superposition in the context of optics.